我国粤东沙菜属(红藻门 杉藻目)的分类鉴定 *     

刘金梅  姜晶晶  马鑫  黄冰心  杨楠  刘美媛  丁兰平 《热带海洋学报》2021,40(1):99-110

沙菜属Hypnea海藻作为提取卡拉胶的原料之一, 具有重要的经济价值。但由于该属物种地理分布广泛, 表型可塑性强, 且缺乏详细的解剖学特征, 故有关其物种鉴定也就一直存在争议。本文利用冷冻切片技术, 通过形态学和解剖学方法, 对2013—2014年采自粤东汕头的沙菜属海藻进行了形态特征描述。经鉴定, 该地区沙菜属共有4种, 分别为密毛沙菜Hypnea boergesenii、裸干沙菜H. chordacea、长枝沙菜H. charoides和冻沙菜H. japonica。通过对这几种沙菜进行了较详细的内、外部结构特征分析, 给出了它们在国内外的地理分布及习性等信息, 并对沙菜属的科级分类系统(沙菜科Hypneaceae/赤叶藻科Cystocloniaceae)划分以及密毛沙菜是否为独立物种进行了讨论。  相似文献   

大熊猫的分类与演化综述     

李涛  赖旭龙  王頠  周修高 《地质科技情报》2004,23(3):40-46

从化石记录和分子生物学证据方面探讨了大熊猫分类和演化的研究现状及进展.归纳和介绍了大熊猫种和亚种的划分及其主要鉴别特征、分布时限、不同地史时期大熊猫的地理分布;根据牙齿特征的细微差别将大熊猫划分为5个主要的种和亚种;根据大熊猫各种和亚种时空分布及其形态的渐变过程,得出了禄丰始熊猫→大熊猫小种→大熊猫武陵山亚种→大熊猫巴氏亚种→大熊猫现生种的演化谱系图;由于大熊猫与熊类、浣熊类在形态及遗传学上均表现出一定的相似性,因而在"科"级水平上大熊猫的归属出现了较大的争执,主要有三种观点:大熊猫属于熊科,大熊猫属于浣熊科,大熊猫自成一科,并列举了各自的证据;指出了大熊猫分类和演化研究中存在的问题,并展望了古DNA和食性研究在大熊猫分类中的应用.  相似文献   

Ocnus sacculus new species (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea), a brood‐protecting holothurian from southeastern New Zealand     

David L. Pawson 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(3):227-230

A new species in the dendrochirotid holothurian genus Ocnus sensu lato is described from approximately 600 m depth in Taiaroa Canyon, off Otago, New Zealand. Ocnus sacculus new species has single rows of tubefeet only in the 3 ventral radii. Body‐wall ossicles consist of cups, knobbed 4‐holed buttons, and multi‐layered plates averaging 0.7 mm in diameter. Three brood pouches lie anteriorly on the inner surface of the body wall in 3 dorsal interradii; the mid‐dorsal pouch is largest. The pouches apparently have no permanent contact with the exterior; presumably birth takes place by rupture of the body wall.  相似文献   

Behaviour of some New Zealand sea anemones and their molluscan and crustacean hosts     

Cadet Hand 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):509-527

The sea anemones Calliactis conchicola Parry, 1952 and Paracalliactis rosea Hand, 1975, which live associated with gastropods, hermit crabs, and true crabs, possess mounting responses similar to those known for several species of Calliactis. In some areas of New Zealand Calliactis conchicola occurs most abundantly on living gastropods and in others on gastropod shells occupied by hermit crabs. No behaviour by either the gastropod or the hermit crabs was observed which explains this differential distribution. One hermit crab stimulates Paracalliactis rosea to mount its shell by a regular tapping of the anemone with its chelae or dactyls, but ignores Calliactis conchicola. Several other hermit crabs, which may be found carrying these anemones, do not stimulate them to mount. The spider crab Leptomithrax longipes may be found in nature carrying specimens of four kinds of anemones: Calliactis conchicola, Paracalliactis rosea, Bunodactis chrysobathys, and Phellia aucklandica. This crab prises these anemones from most substrates with its chelae, cleans them with its mouth parts, and places them on its legs and carapace with its chelae. From observation, Calliactis conchicola apparently protects this crab from octopus predatiori, but not from other predators such as small sharks. Though associations of anemones with hermit crabs and other invertebrates are usually considered to be commensal, it seems likely that these associations may be mutualistic.  相似文献   

Crustorhabditis chitwoodi sp. nov. (Nematoda: Rhabditidae): An intertidal species from the coast of New South Wales,Australia, with observations on its ecology and life history     

Warwick L. Nicholas 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(5):803-808

A new species, Crustorhabditis chitwoodi, was discovered in nutrient agar plates inoculated with beach sand collected from an ocean beach in New South Wales, Australia. The three other known species of the genus have all been found as commensal inhabitants of ocypodid shore crabs. It is suggested that the sand inoculum was seeded with dauer larvae of the nematode that had been dispersed by scavenging crabs. The new species is distinguished from the three previously described species by possessing a smaller number of differently arranged bursal papillae, eight rather than 10. The species is amphimictic, oviparous, and produces abundant dauer larvae in culture, which can be sustained indefinitely on sea water nutrient agar in which it feeds on associated bacteria.  相似文献   

Observations on Gastrotricha from a sandy beach in southeastern Australia,with a description of Halichaetonotus australis sp. nov. (Gastrotricha,Chaetonotida)     

Warwick Nicholas  M. Antonio Todaro 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):973-980

Several species of Gastrotricha were found among samples of nematodes extracted from a sandy ocean beach, South Broulee beach, in southeastern Australia. One of these Gastrotricha turned out to be a species new to science which is described as Halichaetonotus australis sp. nov. in this study. Although the spines of the hydrofoil scales resemble those of the cosmopolitan H. aculifer, a distinctive feature of the new species is the presence of three prominent posterior dorsal spines. These are exaggerations of the keels found on the dorsal overlapping scales that cover the dorsal surfaces of the head, neck, and trunk. The spines are almost as long as the rami of the terminal furca. H. australis sp. nov. also resembles H. marivagus, but differs in lacking both a cephalion and hypostomion. Freeze drying is introduced as a preparation method for scanning electron microscopy of Gastrotricha.  相似文献   

Testing use of mitochondrial COI sequences for the identification and phylogenetic analysis of New Zealand caddisflies (Trichoptera)     

Ian D. Hogg  Brian J. Smith  Jonathan C. Banks  Jeremy R. Dewaard  Paul D. N. Hebert 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(5):1137-1146

We tested the hypothesis that cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) sequences would successfully discriminate recognised species of New Zealand caddisflies. We further examined whether phylogenetic analyses, based on the COI locus, could recover currently recognised superfamilies and suborders. COI sequences were obtained from 105 individuals representing 61 species and all 16 families of Trichoptera known from New Zealand. No sequence sharing was observed between members of different species, and congeneric species showed from 2.3 to 19.5% divergence. Sequence divergence among members of a species was typically low (mean = 0.7%; range 0.0–8.5%), but two species showed intraspecific divergences in excess of 2%. Phylogenetic reconstructions based on COI were largely congruent with previous conclusions based on morphology, although the sequence data did not support placement of the purse‐cased caddisflies (Hydroptilidae) within the uncased caddisflies, and, in particular, the Rhyacophiloidea. We conclude that sequence variation in the COI gene locus is an effective tool for the identification of New Zealand caddisfly species, and can provide preliminary phylogenetic inferences. Further research is needed to ascertain the significance of the few instances of high intra‐specific divergence and to determine if any instances of sequence sharing will be detected with larger sample sizes.  相似文献   

甲藻(Dinophyta)凯伦藻科(Kareniaceae)的分类学研究与展望   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王建艳  何建宗  齐雨藻  吕颂辉  杨静 《海洋与湖沼》2017,48(4):786-797

凯伦藻科(Kareniaceae)是甲藻门中较新建立的一个科。凯伦藻科种类广泛分布于全球海域,目前已报道3属30个种。由于该科大部分种类频发藻华,严重威胁近海生态安全和水产养殖,因而备受关注。自20世纪90年代起,我国沿岸也逐渐成为凯伦藻藻华的重灾区,凯伦藻曾引发我国最严重的几次藻华事件。本文对本科种类分类学特征进行详细描述,翻译其中文名,编制属、种分类检索表,以期为我国凯伦藻生物多样性研究以及凯伦藻藻华防治提供基础而必要的种源信息。  相似文献   

A New Basal Sauropod Dinosaur from the Lufeng Basin,Yunnan Province, Southwestern China     

Lü Junchang  Yoshitsugu Kobayashi  Li Tianguang  Zhong Shimin 《《地质学报》英文版》2010,84(6):1336-1342

<正>A new dinosaur Chuxiongosaurus lufengensis gen.et sp.nov.is erected based on a nearly complete skull.The taxon is characterized by the lacrimal perpendicular to the ventral margin of the upper jaw,which is similar to that of Thecodontosaurus;a depression present on the dorsal profile of the snout behind the naris;the rostral profile of the maxilla slopes continuously towards the rostral tip;and the presence of 25 dentary teeth.It also displays prosauropod characters such as a relatively long skull,the slope of the maxillary rostral profile,and teeth that do not have basically constricted crowns.The new specimen is more basal than Anchisaurus and represents the first basal sauropod dinosaur from the Early Jurassic of China.  相似文献   

Late Tremadoc and Early Floian Graptolites from Central Hunan, China     

LI Ming  FENG Hongzhen  JI Xinxin  LI Lixia 《《地质学报》英文版》2010,84(6):1343-1364

<正>Fourteen graptolite species of the Late Tremadoc and Early Floian are described from the Nanba section in the Yiyang area,Hunan Province.Among them,Paradelograptus onubensis, Kiaerograptus bulmani,K.kutchini and Paratemnograptus isolatus of the Late Tremadoc are first found in China.Based on the current graptolite materials,the correspondingly complete graptolite zones of Upper Tremadocian in China are recognized as follows(in ascending order):the Adelograptus tenellus Zone,the Aorograptus victoriae Zone,the Araneograptus murrayi Zone and the Hunnegraptus copiosus Zone.In the Nanba section,the Hunnegraptus copiosus Zone is overlain directly by the Tetragraptus approximatus Zone,there is no hiatus below the base of Floian.  相似文献